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Detection of luminescent nanoparticles in plants by laser spectroscopy
Střítežská, Sára ; Novotný,, Karel (referee) ; Modlitbová, Pavlína (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with evaluation of toxicity and bioaccumulation of photon-upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) in model plant maize (Zea mays). Lanthanide-doped UCNPs with different composition and size were tested in three different concentrations in this work. The exposure took place for 168 hours. Toxicity was assessed based on four macroscopic toxicological endpoints (mortality, the length of belowground part of the plants, the length of aboveground part of the plants and whole plants length). Spatial distribution of elements yttrium, ytterbium, erbium and gadolinium in model plants was determined using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy with spatial resolution of 100 m and 26 m. Distribution of UCNPs in plants was further studied with photon-upconversion microscanning with spatial resolution of 40 m. Stability of UCNPs during and after the plant exposure was also discussed in this thesis.
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Optimization of the Methodology for Assessment of Biochar Effect on the Growth of Model Plants
Štorková, Natálie ; Enev, Vojtěch (referee) ; Kalina, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is studying the effect of biochar on the growth of model plant and deals with the optimalization of the methods for assessing its impact. Theoretical part describes the properties and utilization of soil conditioners, special attention is focused on biochar. According to the literature research, maize (Zea mays) was chosen as a model plant for cultivation experiment and subsequently the application doses of biochar were also defined. The cultivation experiment took place in growing box under controlled illumination and irrigation. Plant dry weight weighing after cultivation, continuous measurement of plant height during the cultivation and also image analysis of the root system were used for evaluating the influence of biochar on quantitative and qualitative properties of model plants. From obtained data it can be summarized that the growth differences were influenced by the application dose, the type of biochar and also by type of soil, which was used for the cultivation experiment.
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Meziplodiny a zaplevelení obilnin
Pluschková, Zuzana
The aim of this master’s thesis was to determine the types of weeds in intercrops and subsequent cereals, to evaluate changesin weeding and to estimate the long-term effects of intercrops on cereal weeding. The weeding rate was evaluated using a numerical method. In the company Hoštická a. s., weeding was observed in various mixtures of intercrops and subsequently cultivated spring barley and maize. In a field experiment carried out at the experiment station Ivanovice na Hané weeding was observed in a barley monoculture after a sown intercrop and after skimming. The results were processed using statistical methods. Weed species were also divided according to different criteria (according to biological properties, according to origin, according to invasive status and according to harmfulness). The results show that monoculture of barley can increase the species representation of weeds. In the long term, intercrops can suppress some types of weeds. Intercrops allow the sprouts of the previous crop to emerge and prevent weeding of subsequent crops. As the diversity of intercrops increases, the list of ecosystem services expands.
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Porovnání různých způsobů zakládání porostů kukuřice seté
Dubový, Miloslav
Maize is one of the most produced crops globally. It has many uses in livestock farming, food production, and industry. With the recent decline in livestock production, the amount of maize in crop rotation has been reduced. However, the production increased again with the arrival of electricity-generating biogas plants. Since most of the land is not covered when cultivating maize in rows, soil erosion occurs. Minimum tillage and soil conservation technologies are used to prevent this side effect, especially on sloping land. The thesis deals with these issues, collects information on various methods of maize cultivation, and compares these technologies in a semi-operational experiment, both from an economic and technical point of view.
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Changes in plant metabolism due to phytoremediation of pharmaceuticals
Polívková, Linda ; Bělonožníková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Chmelík, Josef (referee)
As a result of human activity, the rate and amount at which various pollutants enter the environment are increasing. Among them, pharmaceuticals and their metabolites, whose fate in nature has not yet been fully understood, have a key role to play. Phytoremediation, as an alternative method to the traditionally established methods of remediation of pollutant- contaminated wastewater and soils, has an increasing potential to become an important and ecologically friendly tool for environmental restoration and conservation. In this bachelor thesis, the effect of the pharmaceuticals buspirone, dextromethorphan, ibuprofen, the combination of dextromethorphan and ibuprofen, paroxetine and sulpiride on the antioxidant system of maize (Zea mays L., DKC 3969) cultivated in vitro in hydroponics under sterile conditions was investigated. The activity and isoenzyme composition of peroxidases, which are among the key components of the antioxidant system, were determined in maize plants. The amount of total soluble proteins in plants was reduced in most cases due to the influence of the aforementioned pharmaceuticals. In contrast, the specific activity of total peroxidases, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase was increased in most cases, most notably by buspirone, sulpiride and the combination of...
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Phytoremediation of pharmaceuticals
Forróvá, Barbora ; Bělonožníková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Kubíčková, Božena (referee)
Anxiolytics, sedatives, hypnotics and antidepressants are some of the most prescribed pharmaceuticals today. As their consumption increases, there is a growing risk of them leaking into surface water and soil, where they can be accumulated, interfere with key biological processes in animal cells or contaminate the food chain. With this is related an increasing need to find ways to ensure the removal of these substances from contaminated sites. There is a wide range of methods for decontamination, however not all of them are affordable and sufficiently environmentally friendly. Phytoremediation is one of the most environmentally and economically friendly ways used for removing pharmaceuticals and other xenobiotics from the environment. In this work, the effects of the drugs diazepam, rohypnol and trazodone on the antioxidant system of maize (Zea mays, L., cultivar DKC 3969) plants grown under sterile conditions hydroponically in vitro were studied. The effects these drugs had on the plants were monitored through the activity of important antioxidant enzymes, peroxidases and glutathione-S-transferases, as well as through non-enzymatic markers of antioxidant capacity and the content of substances indicative of oxidative stress, malondialdehyde and H2O2. A significant increase in phenolic content was...
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Analysis of on farm maize production systems and suggestions for improvement
ŠIMKOVÁ, Libuše
Maize is currently one of the most important feed crops. If we want to grow it effi-ciently, we should spend enough time selecting a suitable plot, seed and sowing date. When selecting the sowing date, it is important to achieve a temperature of 8 °C at sowing depth. The maize is sown at a depth of 3-4 cm and can be sown in conventional rows (75 cm), narrow rows (35 cm) or twin rows. Maize is a slow-growing crop, so it is important to pay attention to mechanical or chemical weed control. When harvesting maize for silage, the whole plant can be harvested or the split harvesting technique of CCM and LKS can be used. The hybrids WELAS, PERSEUS and AKANTO were evaluated. WELAS is a double line (Sc), early hyb-rid (FAO 240) and PERSEUS is a triple line (Tc), early hybrid (FAO 250). The PERSEUS hybrid was able to give a higher yield than WELAS in the plots evalu-ated. The hybrid used, agrotechnique and soil moisture availability had the greatest effect on yield.
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Rozdíly v zaplevelení širokořádkových a úzkořádkových plodin
Kubínek, Marek
The task of this bachelor's thesis was evaluate weeds and evaluate the differences in weeding of narrow-row and wide-row crops. The evaluation took place on the land of AGROPOD Podolí a.s. and at the private farmer Ing. František Kubínek. Weeds were observed per 1 m2 in winter wheat, spring barley, maize and annual sunflower. The results were statistically evaluated using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). In narrowrow crops, weeds were recorded mainly from the families Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Convolvulaceae and Violaceae. These species were mainly creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense), white goosefoot (Chenopodium album), wild buckwheat (Fallopia convolvulus), field pansy (Viola arvensis) and others. Weed species of the families Chenopodiaceae, Asteraceae Asteraceae and Convolvulaceae have been found in broadleaved crops. The most common were white goosefoot (Chenopodium album), creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense), wild buckwheat (Fallopia convolvulus) and others.
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Vliv ošetření osiva superabsorbčním polymerem na vzcházení, růst a výnos plodiny
Lokaj, Lukáš
The thesis deals with the use of a superabsorbent polymer, specifically seed coated with this polymer and the evaluation of emergence, growth and yield of the crop. One part of the experiment was carried out in the laboratory, namely plant germination, while the second part was carried out under field conditions on the land of the School Farm at the site of Žabčice in the years 2020–2022. The effects of SAP seed treatment on germina-tion, emergence and crop yield were monitored. Four experimental treatments were evalu-ated for wheat, barley, maize and rape, namely seed untreated, seed treated with SAP, seed picled and seed picled and treated with SAP. SAP treated seed germinated faster for all crops. For wheat variety Luana and maize variety Celong, SAP increased yield by al-most 0.5 t/ha, and for rape by 0.7 t/ha. Barley and maize variety Alombo were negatively affected by SAP.
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Vliv kvality kukuřičné siláže na mléčnou užitkovost dojnic
BRÁCHA, Daniel
With the ever-increasing demands on milk yield, it is necessary that the present feed is of the highest quality and contains the required nutrients. To fulfill these requirements, the bulk feeds produced, especially maize silage, must be healthy and of the highest quality. The bachelor thesis was divided into two parts. In the first, thus theoretical part, are generally discussed about the silage process and related terms, such as ensilability or silage. However, the majority part of it is devoted to technological silage processes. Following these processes means healthy and high-quality feed. These processes include mainly covering, compactining, filling silage pits and more. From a qualitative point of view, it is important to control the dry matter content, the length of the cut and the degree of grain crushing. Failure of following the recommended the optimal values may mean a degradation of the fermentation process or the occurrence of undesirable microorganisms in the final feed. In a result, the utility and reproductive properties are worsen. The health of the animals may also be worsen. Preservatives can be used to improve the fermentation process and keeping constant aerobic stability during feeding. The end of the theoretical part is devoted to nutrition and feeding techniques of dairy cows, specifically mixed feed ration (TMR), rumen fermentation and milk yield. The practical part was carried out on a dairy farm in Pernarec, which is part of the Úněšovského statku a.s., which agricultural in the northern part of Plzeň. Here were evaluated the annual milk yields and the factors that influence them. The majority part is devoted to the analysis of corn silage and the preparation of TMR. Next were evaluated the qualitative composition of silages and the precision of TMR preparation in relation to the economics of milk production. The possible effect of the weather on milk yield and quality of corn silages was also taken account. Monitored and evaluated were data in the years 2018 - 2021.
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